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European Council on Foreign Relations

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    • Africa
      • Africa

        The Africa programme analyses the geopolitics of the Africa-Europe relationship. In particular, the programme delves into relations between the African Union and the European Union to find creative foreign policy tools and strategies. It also focuses on two regions that are particularly relevant for Europe: the Horn of Africa and the Sahel.

        Highlights from Africa

        • Sudan
        • African Union
        • Sahel
        • EU-Africa cooperation
    • Asia
      • Asia

        The Asia programme seeks to help Europe recalibrate its relationship with China and its Asian partners. The programme analyses China’s domestic situation, its role in the region, and its increasing global influence. It also places a renewed emphasis on fostering Europe’s relationships with the Indo-Pacific, especially India and Japan.

        Highlights from Asia

        • China
        • India
        • Japan
        • Indo-Pacific region
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      • European Power

        The European Power programme is focused on helping Europeans develop sustainable policy solutions to the issues affecting the European Union’s capacity to act with unity on the global scene. This includes analysing the path forward for enlargement, the energy transition, and European support for Ukraine.

        Highlights from European Power

        • Charting the Long War
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        • EU enlargement
        • European cohesion
        • European sovereignty
    • Middle East and North Africa
      • Middle East and North Africa

        The Middle East and North Africa programme seeks to support a coherent European agenda in pursuit of regional interests. The programme works with European and regional governments, local voices, and civil society to advance channels of dialogue as well as providing direct policy prescriptions to secure conflict de-escalation, regional stabilisation, and democratic transition.

        Highlights from Middle East and North Africa

        • Israel-Palestine
        • The Gulf
        • North Africa
        • Migration
        • Turkey
    • United StatesNew
      • United States

        The US programme helps Europeans create policy responses to developments in US domestic politics and foreign policy. The programme seeks to strengthen transatlantic relations by exploring the obstacles to a more balanced partnership and developing ideas to overcome them.

        Highlights from United States

        • US foreign policy
        • US domestic politics
        • Transatlantic relations
    • Wider Europe
      • Wider Europe

        The Wider Europe programme aims to help the European Union defend its interests and values in the Western Balkans, Turkey, Russia, and eastern Europe, as well as the South Caucasus and central Asia. The programme also supports EU decision-makers work on a unified and coherent policy to address the challenges resulting from Russia’s full scale-invasion of Ukraine.

        Highlights from Wider Europe

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        • Ukraine
        • Belarus
        • Western Balkans
        • EU enlargement
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Highlights

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Latest

Escalation in South Asia: Europe’s core interests amid crisis between India and Pakistan

  • James Crabtree, Janka Oertel

Lights out: Why Iberia’s power cut is a warning for EU energy security

  • Szymon KardaÅ›

Featured

Anatomy of a chokepoint: Mapping power and conflict in the Red Sea

  • Camille Lons
  • Special

This ECFR project maps the Red Sea region as a nexus of conflict, regional rivalries and global power plays. To address the risks of this instability, Europeans need to develop a more comprehensive approach

Pieces in motion: Rebalancing power in a new Levantine order

  • Julien Barnes-Dacey, Ellie Geranmayeh, Hugh Lovatt
  • Policy Brief

How Europe can use the current moment of flux in the Middle East to help stabilise Iraq, Lebanon and Syria

MAGA goes global: Trump’s plan for Europe

  • Célia Belin
  • Policy Brief

Form exists in the frenzy of Donald Trump’s first months back in power. His foreign policy is his domestic agenda exported—and that is bad news for Europe

The bully’s pulpit: Finding patterns in Trump’s use of military force

  • Jeremy Shapiro
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

Over two presidential terms, Donald Trump has used threats to intimidate his adversaries and mostly only employed force against his weaker victims. This pattern of bullying provides an insight into his future decision-making

Recent events

6 May

No brain, no brawn: How Trump 2.0 makes an EU Economic Security Network essential

  • 6 May 2025
  • Online
31 Mar

Rewiring alliances: Africa-Europe-Gulf relations amid geopolitical turmoil

  • 31 March 2025
  • Online

Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

A new chapter in German politics

  • Podcast
  • Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Mark Leonard welcomes Jeremy Cliffe and Jana Puglierin to discuss the inauguration of the new German government, led by Chancellor Friedrich Merz

Listen

Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Erdogan’s crackdown: Turkey and the fight for democracy

  • Podcast
  • Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Mark Leonard welcomes Aslı Aydıntaşbaş to unpack the recent political upheaval in Turkey and its broader geopolitical implications

Listen

Views from the Council

Untying the Hungarian knot: Why the EU might stop spoiling the spoiler state

  • Tibor Dessewffy
  • Commentary
  • View from the Council
  • 4 minute read

Orban’s latest defiance of EU values—the banning of Pride—comes as Hungary’s economy flails, the opposition gains, and Washington will no longer oppose. It could be the push the EU needs to figure out how to work around Budapest

As Trump and Putin menace Europe, I say this: Vive le Churchillo-Gaullisme!

  • Timothy Garton Ash
  • Commentary
  • View from the Council
  • 4 minute read

Our continent must be prepared to defend itself, by combining the best of its two most influential traditions

In the Media - Council

Carl Bildt
CNN 13 February 2025

Carl Bildt on Ukraine imposed sanctions on former president and opposition politician Petro Poroshenko

Dagens Nyheter 3 February 2025

Mark Leonard, Ivan Krastev, and Timothy Garton Ash on ECFR’s latest global survey

The Irish Times 26 January 2025

Mark Leonard, Ivan Krastev, and Timothy Garton Ash on ECFR’s latest global survey

RTBF 21 January 2025

Mark Leonard, Timothy Garton Ash and Ivan Krastev on ECFR’s latest global survey on Trump’s return to the White House

Featured and flagship projects

Public opinion polling

Through polling in EU member states, ECFR’s analysis seeks to unlock shifting coalitions in Europe that favour a more internationally engaged union.

Featured

Transatlantic twilight: European public opinion and the long shadow of Trump

  • Jana Puglierin, Arturo Varvelli, Pawel Zerka

Re:Engage

This project helps the EU in refining its foreign policy, re-engaging neighbours post-Russia's invasion of Ukraine to bolster regional resilience and advance enlargement policies.

Featured

The interest of values: The EU’s democracy promotion in the Western Balkans and the eastern neighbourhood

  • Piotr Buras, Marie Dumoulin, Tefta Kelmendi, Marlene Marx

Re:Order

Re:Order project explores emerging visions of the global order, as well as the interplay between economic might and geopolitical influence.

Featured

Re:Order: The world after the West | podcast series

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Latest

Escalation in South Asia: Europe’s core interests amid crisis between India and Pakistan

  • James Crabtree, Janka Oertel
  • Policy Alert
  • 2 minute read

This week, tensions between India and Pakistan have led to direct combat and fatalities. As the confrontation escalates, Europeans will likely have to take clear sides and re-assess the role of Chinese military technology in future wars—which could be much closer to home

Lights out: Why Iberia’s power cut is a warning for EU energy security

  • Szymon KardaÅ›
  • Policy Alert
  • 2 minute read

In April, millions of people across Spain and Portugal were left without power—some for almost a day. The EU must now address weaknesses in its energy infrastructure to ensure the lights stay on

Eurovisionary times: How the continent is learning to sing in Trump’s face

  • Pawel Zerka
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

European sentiment, tested by external threats and internal doubts, is finding new life in the Trump era: not in grand declarations, but in a slow, stubborn commitment to endure and move forward

From fence-sitter to pace-setter: How Merz’s Germany can lead Europe

  • Jeremy Cliffe, Jana Puglierin
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

On foreign policy, Germany’s new chancellor will be pulled between conservatism and radicalism. For Europe’s sake, he must choose the latter

React, rinse, repeat: How Europe can help break Somalia’s cycle of conflict

  • Corrado ÄŒok
  • Policy Brief

Al-Shabab is regaining strength in Somalia amid obstacles with the latest peacekeeping mission—just as external partners seek to move away from costly interventions. But there is a path forward

A narrow window: How Europeans can still halt Georgia’s authoritarian turn

  • Tefta Kelmendi
  • Commentary
  • 6 minute read

As Georgia teeters on the brink of authoritarianism, Europe’s fractured resolve risks ceding the south Caucasus to Russian and Chinese influence. A coalition of France, Germany and Poland, together with Britain, could salvage its democracy and stability

In the media

Our experts are available for media requests. Our work involves many issues relating to Europe and foreign policy, and our programmes focus on Africa, Asia, the Middle East & North Africa, and Wider Europe.

All our experts Newsroom
Pawel Zerka
Mainichi Shimbun 8 May 2025

Pawel Zerka on European public opinion in the second Trumpian era

Engjellushe Morina
BBC 8 May 2025

Engjellushe Morina on what the new German government means for the Balkans

Agathe Demarais
Foreign Policy 8 May 2025

In her op-ed, Agathe Demarais explores why US plans to ink a currency deal do not make sense

Piotr Buras
Deutsche Welle 8 May 2025

Piotr Buras on German foreign minister Wadephul’s EU debut

Pawel Zerka
Newsweek Polska 8 May 2025

Paweł Zerka on the new Nancy treaty

Piotr Buras
TOK FM 8 May 2025

Piotr Buras in conversation on Friedrich Merz’s visit to Poland

More on Africa

React, rinse, repeat: How Europe can help break Somalia’s cycle of conflict

  • Corrado ÄŒok
  • Policy Brief

Al-Shabab is regaining strength in Somalia amid obstacles with the latest peacekeeping mission—just as external partners seek to move away from costly interventions. But there is a path forward


Back from the brink: How European support could prevent another Ethiopia-Eritrea war

  • Corrado ÄŒok
  • Commentary
  • 6 minute read

The other counter-offensive: Ukraine’s diplomatic push in Africa

  • Suzanne Tisserand
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

More on Asia

Multi-Pole-arity: How Poland can help Europe think big on China

  • Alicja Bachulska
  • Policy Brief

Beijing’s economic policies are threatening European competitiveness and economic security at a time when Europe cannot afford to be vulnerable. Poland can use its growing leadership role in the EU to help guide the bloc’s response


No time to drift: Trump, China, and the urgency of a stronger EU-Japan alignment

  • Elli-Katharina Pohlkamp
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

Taiwan’s balancing act: Keeping the US in, China out, and domestic technology superior

  • Camille Grand, Janka Oertel, Jana Puglierin
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

More on European Power

Strength in members: How to rally EU enlargement for defence

  • Gustav Gressel, Nicu Popescu
  • Policy Brief

The EU’s accession process ignores defence while NATO cannot cover all the candidates. Tailored defence cooperation roadmaps offer a promising path to protect Europe’s periphery without NATO membership


Early warning sign: This week’s energy summit presages a difficult COP30

  • Susi Dennison
  • Policy Alert
  • 1 minute read

Pendulum policy: Why Meloni keeps swinging between Brussels and Washington

  • Arturo Varvelli
  • Commentary
  • 3 minute read

More on Middle East and North Africa

The bear who came to tea: Russia, Libya and the Kremlin’s playbook for fragile states

  • Tarek Megerisi
  • Policy Brief

Russia’s re-entrenchment in Libya, Europe’s soft underbelly, offers profound lessons on how it exploits geopolitical instability—and how Europeans can push back


Israeli strikes have reignited Gaza—now Europeans must take action

  • Hugh Lovatt, Muhammad Shehada
  • Policy Alert
  • 2 minute read

The road ahead: Six ways Europeans can urgently support a stable Syria

  • Julien Barnes-Dacey
  • Commentary
  • 6 minute read

More on United States

The Orbanisation of America: Hungary’s lessons for Donald Trump

  • Jeremy Shapiro, Zsuzsanna Végh
  • Policy Brief

If Trump wins the US presidency, Republicans will likely adapt techniques refined in Viktor Orban’s Hungary as they return to power – with profound implications for both America and Europe


When culture war and trade war clash: Trump’s troubled alliance with Europe’s far right

  • Jeremy Shapiro, Zsuzsanna Végh
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

Europe after the end of the liberal international order

  • Mark Leonard
  • Commentary
  • 3 minute read

More on Wider Europe

Bridging the Bosphorus: How Europe and Turkey can turn tiffs into tactics in the Black Sea

  • Mustafa Aydin, Aslı AydıntaÅŸbaÅŸ
  • Policy Brief

After years of bickering, Europe and Turkey need each other more than ever. A security partnership in the Black Sea could be the first step toward a pragmatic, if uneasy, alliance to contain Russia


Why a Ukraine peacekeeping force could become a trap for Europe

  • Kirill Shamiev
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

From willing to able: A European reassurance force for Ukraine

  • Leo Litra
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read
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